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.drone.yml
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.drone.yml
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---
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kind: pipeline
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type: docker
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name: Deploy to bbaovanc.com
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steps:
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- name: Build site
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image: mapitman/docker-hugo
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commands:
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- hugo version
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- hugo --minify
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- name: Upload files
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image: appleboy/drone-scp
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aettings:
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host: bbaovanc.com
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port: 2222
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username: droneci
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key:
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from_secret: SSH_KEY
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target: /var/www/bbaovanc/blog
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rm: true
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source:
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- public/*
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11
config.toml
11
config.toml
@ -4,6 +4,17 @@ theme = "terminal"
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paginate = 5
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enableGitInfo = true
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[mediaTypes]
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[mediaTypes."text/sql"]
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suffixes = ["sql"]
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[outputFormats]
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[outputFormats.SQL]
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mediaType = "text/sql"
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[outputs]
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home = ["sql", "html"]
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# [permalinks]
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# posts = "/:year/:month/:title/"
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+++
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title = "Allow Non Root Processes to Bind to Privileged Ports"
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date = "2021-03-28T20:03:16-05:00"
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author = "bbaovanc"
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tags = ["guide", "linux", "systemd"]
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keywords = ["linux", "privileged", "ports", "tutorial", "guide", "gitea",
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"systemd"]
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description = """
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In Linux, processes cannot bind to privileged ports (<=1024) unless they are
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running as root. Here's how to allow any process to bind to privileged ports.
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"""
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showFullContent = false
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toc = true
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+++
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## Introduction
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In Linux, processes cannot bind to privileged ports (<=1024) unless they are
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running as root. I learned about this when I was trying to add SSH cloning to my
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[Gitea](https://gitea.io) instance. This can be bypassed by giving
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`CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE` capabilities to either the systemd service, or the
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executable itself.
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## Giving `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE` capabilities
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### Using systemd (preferred)
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The best way is to tell systemd to give `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE`
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capabilities to the service. In fact, the Gitea systemd service has two
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lines[^1] that are commented out:
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```systemd
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CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
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AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
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```
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Uncommenting these two lines was all I had to do for Gitea.
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### Using `setcap`
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You can add `CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE` to the executable directly using `setcap`,
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allowing it to bind to any port. Run the following command[^2]:
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```bash
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setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' /path/to/program
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```
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Note that this means that anyone with permission to run this program will be
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able to run it and bind to any privileged ports.
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Other caveats[^2]:
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> 1. You will need at least a 2.6.24 kernel
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> 2. This won't work if your file is a script. (ie, uses a #! line to launch an
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> interpreter). In this case, as far I as understand, you'd have to apply the
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> capability to the interpreter executable itself, which of course is a
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> security nightmare, since any program using that interpreter will have the
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> capability. I wasn't able to find any clean, easy way to work around this
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> problem.
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> 3. Linux will disable LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH on any program that has elevated
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> privileges like setcap or suid. So if your program uses its own .../lib/,
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> you might have to look into another option like port forwarding.
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[^1]: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/3416e2a82586fca4cd452b93237b979300f55d62/contrib/systemd/gitea.service#L69
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and https://stackoverflow.com/a/47065825
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[^2]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/414258
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title = "Checkra1n GUI on Other Distros"
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date = "2021-03-25T21:19:51-05:00"
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author = "bbaovanc"
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cover = "/blog/media/checkra1n-gui-on-arch-linux.png"
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tags = ["guide", "linux", "archlinux", "jailbreak", "checkra1n"]
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tags = ["linux", "archlinux", "jailbreak", "checkra1n"]
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keywords = ["checkra1n", "gui", "linux", "arch linux"]
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description = """
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title = "Put (edited) in the middle of a message in Discord"
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date = "2021-03-25T18:48:34-05:00"
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author = "bbaovanc"
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cover = "media/discord-tricks/edited-in-middle-of-message.png"
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tags = ["tutorial", "discord", "discord-tricks"]
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tags = ["discord", "discord-tricks"]
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keywords = ["discord", "edited"]
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description = """
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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title = "Text Substitution in Discord using `sed`"
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date = "2021-03-25T18:48:15-05:00"
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author = "bbaovanc"
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tags = ["tutorial", "discord", "discord-tricks"]
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tags = ["discord", "discord-tricks"]
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keywords = ["discord", "sed", "text", "replacement"]
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description = """
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Discord has (very primitive) support for text replacement using `sed` syntax.
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showFullContent = false
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+++
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## Tutorial
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## How-to
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[Example Video](/blog/media/discord-tricks/sed-text-replacement.mov)
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17
layouts/_default/baseof.sql.sql
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layouts/_default/baseof.sql.sql
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS db.blog;
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CREATE TABLE db.blog (
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id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
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published DATE NOT NULL,
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title TEXT NOT NULL,
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body TEXT NOT NULL,
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url varchar(2048) NOT NULL,
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CONSTRAINT id_PK PRIMARY KEY (id)
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)
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ENGINE=InnoDB
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DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
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COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
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CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX blog_body_IDX ON db.blog (body);
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{{ block "main" .}}
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{{ end }}
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layouts/_default/home.sql.sql
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13
layouts/_default/home.sql.sql
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{{ define "main" }}
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{{ range (where .Pages "Section" "ne" "gist") }}
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{{ range .Pages }}
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INSERT INTO db.blog (published, title, body, url)
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VALUES(
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'{{ .Date.Format "2006-01-02" }}',
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'{{ plainify .Title }}',
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'{{ (plainify .Content) }}',
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'{{ .Permalink }}'
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);
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user